Temperature-based optimization of friction stir welding of AA 6061 using GRA synchronous with Taguchi method

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a recent novel joining mechanism in the solid-state process. It extensively used to join similar and dissimilar materials as well. This research studied found optimum process parameters of FSW based on temperature simulation results 5-mm 6061 Al alloy sheet with butt joint configuration. Steady-state heat transfer analysis was performed using transient thermal workbench predict identify result. The are optimized hybrid Taguchi L9 orthogonal array grey relation (GRA) method larger better quality characteristic. mechanical properties weld joints such hardness tensile strength were at an ambient temperature. result revealed that higher rotational minimum speed taper threaded tool pin imparts parameter settings. Analysis variance (ANOVA) carried out also determine effects each parameter. At 95% confidence interval, significant parameters. efficiency reached 92.25% base metal Additionally, microstructure zone specimen Metallographic characterization scanning electron microscope (SEM) samples after did not show much change metal.